Candle composition

ABSTRACT

A candle composition containing non-hydrogenated oil and at least one of long-chain hydrocarbon and long-chain hydrocarbon derivatives. A candle composition having non-hydrogenated oil and a solidifying amount of congealing reagent. A candle composition having paraffin, non-hydrogenated oil, and a solidifying amount of a congealing reagent comprising petrolatum, oxidized petrolatum, oxidized long-chain hydrocarbons, or modified hydrocarbons. A process for making a candle composition is also provided, the process comprising mixing together a non-hydrogenated oil and a congealing amount of a congealing reagent, heating mixture to a temperature of 75-90° C., preferably 75-80° C., then cooling the mixture and pouring into a container.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to candle compositions. In particular, thisinvention relates to candle compositions having non-hydrogenated oil anda process for making a candle composition having non-hydrogenated oil.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Candles have been used for centuries as a source of light and for theiraesthetic appeal.

Paraffin wax has been traditionally used in making candle wax, whichconventionally comprises 80 to 100% paraffin wax. It comes in variousgrades and melting points, and is predominantly composed of fullysaturated long chain hydrocarbons. Although it is widely used in thecandle industry, paraffin wax has a long cooling rate and is subject topitting and bubbles arising during the candle manufacturing process.Paraffin wax is also a petroleum by-product and is known to producetoxins, black soot and carcinogens. It would therefore be advantageousto eliminate or reduce the paraffin wax used in candles in favour of a“green” alternative, and especially in favour of vegetable derived rawmaterials and ingredients.

Some manufacturers in the candle industry have started using vegetableoil as a main ingredient of wax for candle production. Vegetable oil isusually liquid at room temperature, thus it needs to be modified so thatit can turn into solid form wax at room temperature. One way of doingthis is to hydrogenate the vegetable oil by adding hydrogen atoms to thedouble bonds of the fatty acid in the molecule of oil so as to increasethe melting point of the triglyceride. The melting point rises as theoil is saturated and the double bonds eliminated. Another way to modifythe liquid vegetable oil into solid form wax is to convert theunsaturated cis-fats into trans-unsaturated trans-fats. Unsaturatedtrans-fats have higher melting point and are in solid form at normalroom temperature. Conversely, the unsaturated cis-fats usually havelower melting point and will be in liquid form even at or below 0° C.During the vegetable oil hydrogenation process, some of the cis-formtriglyceride converts to tran-form at the high temperature and with theaddition of the catalyst of Nickel or noble metal salts. The trans-formvegetable oil contributes partially to the solidifying ofpartially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (commercially called shortening).

The use of partially or wholly hydrogenated vegetable oil as the mainingredient of wax for candle production is advantageous because it is asolid at room temperature. However, the use of hydrogenated vegetableoil also has a number of disadvantages, including high consumption ofenergy during the hydrogenation process, and high costs fortransportation, storage and handling because hydrogenated vegetable oilis solid at room temperature and can oxidize easily. If the hydrogenatedoil is kept at high temperatures for a long period (2-3 weeks), it willusually darken and change colour. The transportion and storage costs andtroubles are especially concerning during the cold winter sincehydrogenated oil can easily solidify and thereby block pipes, thuscausing logistical and production planning problems. The hydrogenationprocess also produces trans-fats, which might be a health concern whenthe candle/wax is used in thermotherapy. The trace residue of thecatalysts (nickle or platinum) from the hydrogenation process is harmfulto the metal equipments (wax storage container, tanks, pipes, etc.) andis also a health issue.

The main constituent of vegetable oil is triglyceride, which isessentially a glyceride in which the glycerol is esterified with threefatty acids. The chemical formula of triglyceride isCH₂COOR—CHCOOR′—CH₂—COOR″, wherein R, R′ and R″ are long alkyl chainsand the three fatty acids RCOOH, R′COOH and R″COOH may all vary.

Vegetable oils which contain more unsaturated fatty acids remain in theliquid phase at temperatures at which saturated vegetable oils aresolid. Unsaturated vegetable oils (and fatty acids) can be converted tosaturated vegetable oils (and fatty acids) by hydrogenation, whichinvolves the process of addition of diatomic hydrogen at high pressureand in the presence of catalysts which are very expensive and notenvironmentally friendly. The elimination of double bonds in thetriglyceride by adding hydrogen atoms increases the degree ofsaturation, thereby raising the oil's melting point and viscosity.

Unsaturated vegetable oils usually stay in liquid form at a pointbetween −18° C. and −5° C., depending on the type of oil, and have anIodine value of 77-178. There is therefore a need to turn unsaturatedliquid vegetable oils into a solid without using chemical processing,thereby allowing the mixture to be modified for candle productionpurposes. Such a candle would be easier to burn due to its low viscositywith suitable melting point and therefore has a safety advantage.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a way to solidifynon-hydrogenated oils into a solid candle composition, without consumingsignificant energy and without using hydrogenation or convertingunsaturated cis-fats into unsaturated trans-fats.

The present invention relates to candle compositions that havenon-hydrogenated oil.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided acandle composition comprising non-hydrogenated oil and long-chainhydrocarbons and/or long-chain hydrocarbon derivatives. For the purposesof the present invention, examples of long-chain hydrocarbons includebeeswax, synthetic hydrocarbons, paraffin and petrolatum, as well asother long-chain hydrocarbons known to a person skilled in the art. Thelong-chain hydrocarbon derivative is preferably a wax with 20 or morecarbon atoms, and even more preferably an oxidized paraffin wax, howeverother long-chain hydrocarbon derivatives may be used as known to aperson skilled in the art.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a candlecomposition is provided having non-hydrogenated oil and a solidifyingamount of congealing reagent. The congealing reagent solidifies thenon-hydrogenated oil for use in candle compositions. Thenon-hydrogenated oils are preferably vegetable oils. For the purposes ofthe present invention, acceptable non-hydrogenated oils include soy oil,sunflower oil, corn oil, grape seed oil, olive oil, canola oil,safflower oil, sesame oil, almond oil, linseed oil, flax seed oil, andcottonseed oil. A person skilled in the art would understand that anynon-hydrogenated oil may be used in the present invention.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a candlecomposition is provided having paraffin, non-hydrogenated oil, and asolidifying amount of a congealing reagent. The congealing reagent ispreferably a natural-based long chain ester, petrolatum, oxidizedpetrolatum, oxidized long-chain hydrocarbons, modified hydrocarbonderivatives, or beeswax.

The congealing reagent may also be long-chain hydrocarbon derivativeswith functional groups such as hydroxyl (—OH), carboxyl (—COOH), acyl(RCO—), aldehyde (—CHO), phenzyl, cycloalkane on one or two ends; and/orlong-chain hydrocarbon derivatives with at least one side chain whichinclude functional groups such as hydroxyl (—OH), carboxyl (—COOH), acyl(RCO—), aldehyde (—CHO), phenzyl, alkanes or cycloalkanes. Thecongealing reagent may be natural-based long chain esters, high meltingpoint petrolatum, oxidized petrolatum, oxidized long chain hydrocarbons,and/or modified hydrocarbon derivatives with side chain which containingfunctional group. Such long-chain hydrocarbon congealing reagents canstrongly attract liquid triglyceride molecules (vegetable oil) and turnthe liquid form vegetable oil into a creamy/solid substance. The furtheraddition of congealing boosters such as high melting-point paraffin andhigh melting-point (highly saturated) fats/triglycerides will allow theformation of a uniform solid solution (wax base) which will remain solidat temperatures around 42° C. to 54° C., and thereby used in candleapplications.

Preferably, the non-hydrogenated oil used in the embodiments of thepresent invention has an Iodine value in the range of 77-178, andpreferably has a melting point of at least −5° C. or lower.

The non-hydrogenated oils of the present invention may be vegetableoils, preferably wherein 20% to 78% of the fatty acids of thetriglyceride composition is linoleic acid. The candle composition maycontain about 1%-95% non-hydrogenated oil.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda candle composition having non-hydrogenated oil, hydrocarbon orparaffin wax, congealing reagent. A further aspect of the presentinvention provides a candle composition having non-hydrogenated oil,hydrocarbon or paraffin wax, congealing reagent, and a polymer.

The congealing reagent is preferably s natural-based long chain esters,petrolatum (more preferably, high-melting point petrolatum), oxidizedpetrolatum, long-chain hydrocarbon derivatives (preferably oxidized), ormodified hydrocarbons, preferably with side chain containing functionalgroups. The polymer functions as a sweat controlling reagent and isusually added for high-load fragrance jar candlers. The polymer used mayinclude Polyboost 165, Polyboost 130 (from S.S. Chemical), Vybar 260(from Baker Hughes).

A preservative may also be added since a high percentage of food gradeingredients of wax can be easily contaminated.

According to a further aspect of present invention, a candle compositionis provided having 1%-95% by weight non-hydrogenated vegetable oil, maycontain 0-65% synthesis hydrocarbon or paraffin wax, 1-20% congealingreagent, and preferably at least one of 0-1.5% of polymer. Thecongealing reagent of a preferred embodiment of this inventionpreferably includes the natural-based long chain esters, a high meltingpoint petrolatum, oxidized petrolatum, oxidized long chain hydrocarbons,and/or modified hydrocarbon derivatives with side chain containingfunctional groups of hydroxyl (—OH), carboxyl (—COOH), acyl (RCO—),aldehyde (—CHO), phenzyl, alkanes or cycloalkanes.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided a process for making a candle composition. The process includescombining a non-hydrogenated oil and a congealing amount of a congealingreagent and heating the mixture to a temperature of 80-90° C. Themixture is stirred until completely melted and the melted mixture isbrought to a temperature of 75-80° C. The mixture is then cooled andpoured into a candle container. Preferred non-hydrogenated oils for thepurposes of the invention include non-hydrogenated vegetable oils asdescribed above, and which preferably have an iodine value of 77-178 anda melting point of at least −5° C. or lower.

A further embodiment of the present invention provides a process formaking a candle composition comprising the steps of combiningnon-hydrogenated oil, hydrocarbon or paraffin wax, a congealing reagent,and preferably a polymer. The mixture is heated to 80-90° C., andstirred together until completely melted and the melted mixture isbrought to a temperature of 75-80° C. The mixture is then cooled andpoured into a candle container.

The following are examples of a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, without limiting its scope as defined by the claims.

EXAMPLE 1

This example is a candle composition formed mainly from olive oil and100% natural ingredients. The ingredients are:

Cool pressed pure extra virgin olive oil: 64%

Palm wax: 30%

Beeswax: 6%

Step 1: To make this candle, these three ingredients (olive oil, palmwax, and beeswax) are weighed and placed into a batch tank.

Step 2: Heat the batch tank in a hot wax bath (or a hot water bath) at atemperature of 80-90° C. Alternatively, one could melt the beewax firstat a high temperature, and then bring the temperature to 80-90° C. andadd the remaining ingredients. Stir all ingredients until completelymelted and set the melted mixture to 75-80° C. The mixture will be adark green colour. It is important to prevent the mixture from reachingtemperatures greater than 90° C. or from being heated continuously for10 hrs or longer.

Step 3: Prepare the candle container with wick and wick sustainer ifneeded (the size and type of wick may depend on the size of the candle).Heat the container to about 40° C. (using a heating element) and pourthe proper amount of melted mixture into the candle container.

Step 4: Cool candle with fan for about 30-120 minutes (depending on thesize of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 5: Fix the wick so that wick is in the center

Step 6: Heat the candle surface to ensure it is flat and cosmeticallyappealing. Step 7: Let candle completely cool without fan for another30-120 minutes (depending on the size of the candle and the coolingtemperature).

Step 8: Clean up the outside part of the candle, apply labels, tags andlid/cover.

Step 9: Store the candle at normal room temperature (15-35 C). Avoidextreme cold and hot temperature.

EXAMPLE 2

This example is a candle composition formed mainly from olive oil andparaffin blend. The ingredients are:

Cool pressed pure extra virgin olive oil: 82%

Fully refined paraffin: 10%

High melting point petrolatum: 7%

Polyboost 165: 1%

Step 1: Place all ingredients into a batch container or tank.

Step 2: Heat the batch tank in the hot wax bath at the temperature of80-90° C. Stir until all ingredients are melted and set the mixture toreach a temperature of 75-80° C. The temperature of the mixture shouldnot go above 90° C. or be heated for 10 hrs or longer.

Step 3: Prepare the candle container with wick and wick sustainer ifneeded (the size and type of wick may depend on the size of the candle).Heat the container to about 40° C. (using a heating element), then pourthe proper amount of melted mixture into the candle container.

Step 4: Cool candle with fans for about 30-120 minutes (depending on thesize of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 5: Fix the wick to ensure wick is in centre of candle

Step 6: Heat the candle surface to ensure it is flat. One could alsorefill the ensure the candle surface is flat.

Step 7: Let candle completely cool with or without fan for another30-120 minutes (depending on the size of the candle and the coolingtemperature).

Step 8: Clean up the outside part of the candle, apply labels, tags andlid/cover.

Step 9: Store the candle in normal room temperature (15-35° C.). Avoidextreme cold and hot temperatures.

EXAMPLE 3

This example is a candle composition formed mainly from grape seed oiland synthetic hydrocarbon blend. The ingredients are:

Pure grape seed oil: 66.5%

EP858 Synthetic hydrocarbon: 28%

High melting point petrolatum: 5%

Polyboost 165: 0.5%

Step 1: Place appropriate portions of ingredients into batch tank.

Step 2: Heat the batch tank in a hot wax bath at a temperature of 80-90°C. Stir until all ingredients are melted and let the mixture reach atemperature of 75-80° C. The temperature of the mixture should not goabove 90° C. or be heated for 10 hrs or longer.

Step 3: Prepare the candle container with wick and wick sustainer ifneeded (the size and type of wick may depend on the size of the candle).Heat the container to about 40° C. if the candle container is clearglass (for the frost jar and non-transparent container, not need to heatbefore pouring), then pour the proper amount of melted mixture into thecandle container.

Step 4: Cool candle with fans for about 30-120 minutes (depending on thesize of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 5: Fix the wick to ensure wick is in center of candle.

Step 6: Heat the candle surface to ensure the composition is flat, andif needed apply a second fill to ensure flat surface.

Step 7: Let candle completely cool with or without fan for another30-120 minutes (depending on the size of the candle and the coolingtemperature).

Step 8: Clean up the outside part of the candle, apply labels, tags andlid/cover.

Step 9: Store the candle in normal room temperature (15-35° C.). Avoidextreme cold and hot temperatures.

EXAMPLE 4

This example is a candle composition formed mainly from soybean oil andhydrocarbon blend. The ingredients are:

Degummed soybean oil: 55%

Synthesis hydrocarbon: 40%

High melting point petrolatum: 5%

Step 1: Place the appropriate portions of all the ingredients into abatch tank.

Step 2: Heat the batch tank in a hot wax bath at a temperature of 80-90°C., stir until all ingredients melt and the mixture reaches atemperature of 75-80° C. The temperature of the mixture should not goabove 90° C. or be heated for 10 hrs or longer. The colour of themixture will be a light brown, however organic dyes can be added tochange the colour. In addition, fragrances can also be added.

Step 3: Prepare the candle container with wick and wick sustainer ifneeded (the size and type of wick may depend on the size of the candle).Heat the container to about 40° C. if the candle container is clearglass (for the frost jar and non-transparent container, it is notnecessary to heat the container before pouring the mixture), then pourthe proper amount of the melted mixture into the candle container.

Step 4: Cool candle with fans for about 30-120 minutes (depending on thesize of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 5: Fix the wick to ensure it is in the center of the candle.

Step 6: Heat the candle surface to ensure it is flat or apply a 2^(nd)fill when the temperature is 40° C. and lower.

Step 7: Let candle cool with or without fan for another 30-120 minutes(depending on the size of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 8: Clean up the outside part of the candle, apply labels, tags andlid/cover.

Step 9: Store the candle in normal room temperature (15-35° C.). Avoidextreme cold and hot temperatures.

EXAMPLE 5

This example is a candle composition formed mainly from canola oil, palmfat and paraffin blend. The ingredients are:

Canola oil: 43.5%

Palm fat (powder): 18%

Lower melting point paraffin: 33%

High melting point petrolatum: 5%

Polyboost 165: 0.5%

Step 1: Place the appropriate portions of all the above ingredients intoa batch tank.

Step 2: Heat the batch tank in the hot wax bath at a temperature of80-90° C., stir until all ingredients melt and the mixture reaches to75-80° C. The temperature of the mixture should not go above 90° C. orbe heated for 10 hrs or longer. Fragrances and colour dyes may be added.

Step 3: Prepare the candle container with wick and wick sustainer ifneeded (the size and type of wick may depend on the size of the candle).Heat the container to about 40° C. if the candle container is clearglass (frost jars and non-transparent containers need not be heatedprior to pouring), then pour the proper amount of the melted mixtureinto the candle container.

Step 4: Cool candle with fans for about 30-120 minutes (depending on thesize of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 5: Fix the wick to ensure it is in the center of the candle.

Step 6: Heat the candle surface to ensure it is flat or apply a 2^(nd)fill when the temperature is 40° C. and lower.

Step 7: Let candle cool with or without fan for about 30-60 minutes(depending on the size of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 8: Clean up the outside part of the candle, apply labels, tags andlid/cover.

Step 9: Store the candle in normal room temperature (15-35° C.). Avoidextreme cold and hot temperatures.

EXAMPLE 6

This example is a candle composition mainly having sunflower seed oiland paraffin blend. The ingredients are:

Pure sunflower seed oil: 57%

Fully refined paraffin: 38%

High melting point petrolatum: 5%

Step 1: Place the appropriate portions of all the above ingredients intoa batch tank.

Step 2: Heat the batch tank in a hot wax bath to a temperature of 80-90°C., stir until all ingredients melt and the mixture reaches to 75-80° C.The temperature of the mixture should not go above 90° C. or be heatedfor 10 hrs or longer. Fragrances and colour dyes may be added.

Step 3: Prepare the candle container with wick and wick sustainer ifneeded (the size and type of wick may depend on the size of the candle).Heat the container to about 40° C. if the candle container is clearglass (frost jars and non-transparent container need not be heatedbefore pouring), then pour the proper amount of the melted mixture intothe candle container.

Step 4: Cool candle with fans for about 30-120 minutes (depending on thesize of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 5: Fix the wick to ensure it is at the center of the candle.

Step 6: Heat the candle surface to ensure it is flat or apply a 2^(nd)fill when the temperature is 40° C. and lower.

Step 7: Let candle cool with or without fan for about 30-60 minutes(depending on the size of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 8: Clean up the outside part of the candle, apply labels, tags andlid/cover.

Step 9: Store the candle in normal room temperature (15-35° C.). Avoidextreme cold and hot temperatures.

EXAMPLE 7

This example is a candle composition mainly having safflower seed oiland synthetic hydrocarbon blend. The ingredients are:

Pure safflower oil: 59.5%

EP858 synthetic hydrocarbon: 35%

High melting point petrolatum: 5%

Polyboost 165: 0.5%

Step 1: Place the appropriate portions of all the above ingredients intoa batch tank.

Step 2: Heat the batch tank in a hot wax bath to a temperature of 80-90°C., stir until all the ingredients melt and the mixture reach 75-80° C.The temperature of the mixture should not go above 90° C. or be heatedfor 10 hrs or longer. Fragrances and colour dyes may be added.

Step 3: Prepare the candle container with wick and wick sustainer ifneed (the size and type of wick may depend on the size of the candle).Heat the container to about 40° C. if the candle container is clearglass (frost jars and non-transparent containers need not be heatedprior to pouring), then pour the proper amount of melt wax into thecandle container.

Step 4: Cool candle with fans for about 30-120 minutes (depending on thesize of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 5: Fix the wick to ensure it is in the center of the candle.

Step 6: Heat the candle surface to ensure it is flat or apply a 2^(nd)fill when the temperature is 40° C. and lower.

Step 7: Let candle cool with or without fan for about 30-60 minutes(depending on the size of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 8: Clean up the outside part of the candle, apply labels, tags andlid/cover.

Step 9: Store the candle in normal room temperature (15-35° C.). Avoidextreme cold and hot temperatures.

EXAMPLE 8

This example is a composition for a citronella patio candle, and ismainly composed of recycle liquid oil from fast food restaurants andparaffin wax blend. The ingredients are:

Recycled liquid form oil from fast food restaurant: 60%

Saturated Tallow: 14%

High melting paraffin wax: 20%

High melting point petrolatum: 1%

Citronella fragrance oil: 5%

Step 1: Place the appropriate portions of all the above ingredients,except the citronella fragrance oil, into a batch tank.

Step 2: Heat the batch tank in the hot wax bath in the temperature of80-90° C., stir until all ingredients melt and the mixture reaches atemperature of 75-80° C. The temperature of the mixture should not goabove 90° C. or be heated for 10 hrs or longer. Add citronella fragranceoil and any colour dyes, if necessary.

Step 3: Prepare the citronella patio candle bucket and pour the properamount of melted mixture into the candle bucket.

Step 4: Cool candle with fans for about 60-120 minutes (depending on thesize of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 5: Insert the wick and ensure it is in the center.

Step 6: Apply a 2^(nd) fill when the temperature of the candle is 40° C.or lower, if required to ensure candle surface is flat.

Step 7: Let candle cool with or without fan for another 60-90 minutes(depending on the size of the candle and the cooling temperature).

Step 8: Clean up the outside part of the candle, apply labels, tags andlid/cover.

Step 9: Store the candle in normal room temperature (15-35° C.). Avoidextreme hot temperatures.

The candle composition of the present invention has the followingadvantages: 1) zero to low energy/materials wastage in solidifyingliquid oil (compared with chemically hydrogenate method of solidifyingunsaturated vegetable oil); 2) less trouble during transportation andproduction handling (reduces pipe blockage trouble in cold winter time,no need to waste energy to keep solid oil at high temperature, andprevents darkening of the oil due to oxidation at high storagetemperature); 3) faster production speed: production output rate can be2-3 times faster than high content paraffin wax candle; 4) candle withthis kind of wax can be hot packed with less appearance defects ofbubbling, pitting, frosting and cracking later; 5) heat/cool resistingtest performance is good; 6) high fragrance loading capacity (up to15%); 7) cold flow is very good; and 8) burn performance is verygood—smaller wick with less soot—thus more environmental friendly; 9)nice delicate appearance that can be presented as high-end candleproducts.

The candle wax composition of this invention is consistently in hardsolid form at and under 40° C., and can remain in hard solid form formore than 8 hrs at 45° C.

The wax composition has the characteristics of rapid and evencongealing, less shrinking rate and high of fragrance loading capacity.It is preferable for thermotherapy and container candle. For example,the candle composition containing 80% wt. of cool pressed extra virginolive oil, will posssess the original color and odor of olives. Inanother example, the candle composition contains 65% wt. grape seed oil,which have a high content of linoleic acid.

Various embodiments of the present invention having been thus describedin details of example, it will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat variations and modifications may be made without departing from theinvention. The invention includes all such variations and modificationsas fall within the scope of the appended claims.

1. A candle composition comprising non-hydrogenated oil and at least oneof a long-chain hydrocarbon and a long-chain hydrocarbon derivative. 2.A candle composition of claim 1 wherein the long-chain hydrocarbonderivative is a wax with 20 or more carbon atoms, preferably oxidizedparaffin wax.
 3. A candle composition comprising non-hydrogenated oiland a solidifying amount of congealing reagent.
 4. A candle compositioncomprising paraffin, non-hydrogenated oil, and a solidifying amount of acongealing reagent selected from the group consisting of petrolatum,oxidized petrolatum, oxidized long-chain hydrocarbons, modifiedhydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
 5. A candle composition of any oneof claims 3-4 wherein the congealing reagent is at least one of anatural-based long chain ester and a long-chain hydrocarbon derivativewith functional groups, preferably such as hydroxyl (—OH), carboxyl(—COOH), acyl (RCO—), aldehyde (—CHO), phenzyl and/or cycloalkane on oneor two ends, and more preferably the congealing regeant is a long-chainhydrocarbon derivative with at least one side chain includinghydroxyl(—OH), carboxyl (—COOH), acyl (RCO—), aldehyde (—CHO), phenzyl,alkanes, or cycloalkanes.
 6. A candle composition as defined in any oneof claims 1 to 4 wherein the non-hydrogenated oil comprises vegetableoil, preferably where 20% to 78% of the fatty acids in the triglyceridecomposition is linoleic acid.
 7. A candle composition as defined in anyone of claims 1 to 4 comprising about 1%-95% non-hydrogenated oil.
 8. Acandle composition of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein thenon-hydrogenated oil has an iodine value in the range of 77-178, andpreferably has a melting point of at least −5° C. or lower.
 9. A candlecomposition comprising non-hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrocarbon orparaffin wax, a congealing reagent, preferably petrolatum, long-chainhydrocarbons, or a modified hydrocarbon derivative, and preferably apolymer.
 10. A candle composition comprising: 1-95% by weightnon-hydrogenated vegetable oil, 0-65% hydrocarbon or paraffin wax, 1-20%congealing reagent, preferably natural-based long chain esters,petrolatum, oxidized petrolatum, oxidized long-chain hydrocarbons, ormodified hydrocarbon derivatives preferably with side chain having somefunctional groups such as hydroxyl(—OH), carboxyl (—COOH), acyl (RCO—),aldehyde (—CHO), phenzyl, alkanes, or cycloalkanes, and preferably0-1.5% of polymer, preferably where the polymer comprises Polyboost. 11.A process for making a candle composition comprising mixing together anon-hydrogenated oil and a congealing amount of a congealing reagent,heating mixture to a temperature of 75-90° C., preferably 75-80° C.,cooling said mixture and pouring into a container.